Updated knowledge and a proposed nomenclature for nuclear receptors with two DNA binding domains (2DBD-NRs).

Updated knowledge and a proposed nomenclature for nuclear receptors with two DNA binding domains (2DBD-NRs).

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Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important transcriptional modulators in metazoans.Typical NRs possess a conserved DNA binding domain (DBD) and a ligand binding domain (LBD).Since we discovered a type of novel NRs each of them has two DBDs and single LBD (2DBD-NRs) more than decade ago, there has been very few studies 14b-ca0013dx about 2DBD-NRs.Recently, 2DBD-NRs have been only reported in Platyhelminths and Mollusca and are thought to be specific NRs to lophotrochozoan.

In this study, we searched different databases and identified 2DBD-NRs in different animals from both protostomes and deuterostomes.Phylogenetic analysis shows that at least two ancient 2DBD-NR genes were present in the urbilaterian, a common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes.2DBD-NRs underwent gene duplication and loss after the split of different animal phyla, most of them in a certain animal phylum are paralogues, rather than orthologues, like in other animal phyla.Amino acid sequence analysis shows that the conserved motifs in typical NRs are also roman atwood gfuel present in 2DBD-NRs and they are gene specific.

From our phylogenetic analysis of 2DBD-NRs and following the rule of Nomenclature System for the Nuclear Receptors, a nomenclature for 2DBD-NRs is proposed.